Denzer, Cowan & Mayfield (1996)

• “Environmental data management and environmental information systems have to bridge gaps in time and space in data, information and knowledge. Elements of modeling, statistical computing, scientific database, visualization, environmental statistics (including risk assessment), uncertainty estimation and management, integration of heterogeneous and legacy systems and knowledge engineering, all contribute to a better understanding of environmental problems.”

• Denzer R, Cowan DD, Mayfield CI (1996) A Design exercise for a world wide web based course in Environmental Information Systems. Journal of Computing and Information. 2(1): 1296-1303.